HomeGuides › Unit Conversion

Metric to Imperial Conversion: Exact Factors and How to Use Them

Last updated: September 2026 · Independently QA-tested formulas

Quick answer: To convert, multiply by the exact factor: cm→in ×0.393701, kg→lb ×2.20462, km→mi ×0.621371, l→gal(US) ×0.264172. To reverse, divide by the same factor. Temperature is different — it needs an offset formula, not a factor: °F = °C × 9/5 + 32.

Most conversion mistakes aren't math mistakes — they're factor mistakes: using a rounded 2.2 for kg→lb on a 90 kg shipment, or confusing US and imperial gallons. The unit converters on CalcProMaster use exact standard factors; this guide gives you the same numbers for hand work.

The one rule: multiply to convert, divide to reverse

imperial value = metric value × factor
metric value = imperial value ÷ factor

Worked example: 72 kg to pounds → 72 × 2.20462 = 158.73 lb. Reverse check: 158.73 ÷ 2.20462 = 72.00 ✓ — if the round trip doesn't return your starting value, you used the wrong factor or divided when you should have multiplied.

Exact conversion factors (standard tables)

Length

From → ToFactorReverse
cm → in× 0.3937011 in = 2.54 cm (exact)
m → ft× 3.2808401 ft = 0.3048 m (exact)
km → mi× 0.6213711 mi = 1.609344 km (exact)
mm → in× 0.03937011 in = 25.4 mm

Mass & weight

From → ToFactorReverse
kg → lb× 2.204621 lb = 0.45359237 kg (exact)
g → oz× 0.03527401 oz = 28.3495 g
kg → st (stone)× 0.1574731 st = 6.35029 kg

Volume (watch the gallon trap)

From → ToFactorNote
l → gal (US)× 0.2641721 US gal = 3.78541 l
l → gal (imp)× 0.2199691 imp gal = 4.54609 l — 20% bigger!
ml → fl oz (US)× 0.03381401 fl oz = 29.5735 ml

Data & speed

From → ToFactorNote
MB → GiB÷ 1073.74binary GiB = 1024³ bytes, decimal MB = 10⁶
km/h → mph× 0.621371same factor as km→mi
m/s → km/h× 3.6exact

Temperature: a formula, not a factor

°F = °C × 9/5 + 32 · °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 · K = °C + 273.15

Because the scales have different zero points, no single multiplier works. 37 °C → 37 × 1.8 + 32 = 98.6 °F. −40 is the crossover: −40 °F = −40 °C exactly.

Why "close enough" factors cost money

Rounding 2.20462 → 2.2 is a 0.2% error — invisible on a gym scale, meaningful on a 2-ton freight quote (4 kg off) or repeated through a bill of materials. Precision costs nothing when a converter does the work; keep 6 significant figures until the final display, then round once.

Round-trip drift: a 10-second self-check

The fastest way to catch a bad factor is to convert there and back. Convert 10 m to feet: 10 ÷ 0.3048 = 32.8084 ft. Convert back: 32.8084 × 0.3048 = 10.000000 m — exact, because the factor is defined. If your chain returns 9.97 or 10.03, an intermediate rounding (or a US-vs-imperial gallon mix-up) is eating precision. Run the round-trip whenever a spreadsheet someone else built produces numbers you can't reproduce.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why are some factors "exact" and others not?

Since 1959 the inch is defined as 2.54 cm and the pound as 0.45359237 kg, so those are exact by treaty. Factors like km→mi derive from the exact inch/metre definitions and are exact too (1 mi = 1609.344 m); approximations only creep in when someone rounds early.

How many feet is 180 cm?

180 × 0.393701 = 70.866 in = 5 ft 10.87 in — call it 5′11″. The length converter shows feet+inches directly.

What's 100 km/h in mph?

100 × 0.621371 = 62.14 mph — the origin of the "62 mph ≈ 100 km/h" highway rule of thumb.

GB vs GiB — why does my 1 TB drive show 931 GB?

Drive makers use decimal TB (10¹² bytes); operating systems display binary TiB (2⁴⁰ bytes). 10¹² ÷ 2⁴⁰ = 0.909 → a "1 TB" drive shows ≈ 909–931 "GB" depending on the OS's labeling. Nothing is missing.

Try the calculators

← All guides · Glossary · Methodology