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Paint Coverage: Area × Coats ÷ Spread Rate

Home & Garden · 5 min read · Last updated September 2026

Quick answer: Paint needed = wall area × coats ÷ spread rate. A 12×15 ft room with 9 ft ceilings, one door and two windows has about 441 sq ft of wall; two coats at 350 sq ft/gal needs 2.52 gallons — buy the 3-gallon round number.

The formula

Wall area = perimeter × height − (doors + windows)
Paint = wall area × coats ÷ spread rate

Worked example: 12×15 ft room, 9 ft ceilings. Perimeter = 2 × (12 + 15) = 54 ft; gross wall = 54 × 9 = 486 sq ft. Subtract one door (21) and two windows (24) → 441 sq ft. Two coats at a typical 350 sq ft per gallon: 441 × 2 ÷ 350 = 2.52 gallons.

Adjusting for reality

ConditionAdjustment
Rough or unpainted plaster+10–20% paint (higher absorption)
Dramatic color changeExtra coat or tinted primer
Dark → lightTinted primer instead of 3rd coat
Airless sprayer+25% (overspray loss)

Ceilings add area separately (floor area × coats) and trim needs its own calculation by linear feet. The Paint Cost Estimator computes area, coats and price together; the Room Area tool handles irregular floor plans first.

Tip: buy the full round-up in one batch — paint from different production lots can vary slightly in tint, and matching a later lot is harder than storing a spare litre.

Try the calculators

Frequently asked questions

How much paint do I need for one room?

Perimeter × height minus doors and windows, times the number of coats, divided by the spread rate (usually ~350 sq ft per gallon). A 12×15 ft room with 9 ft ceilings and two coats needs about 2.5 gallons.

Do I really need two coats?

One coat of a quality paint over a similar color often looks fine; two coats give even coverage and durability. Over a dramatic color change, use a tinted primer plus two coats.

How much area does one gallon cover?

Typically 350–400 sq ft per coat on smooth interior walls. Rough surfaces, deep colors and sprayers reduce it — plan on the low end when in doubt.

Should doors and windows be subtracted?

Yes. A door is about 21 sq ft and a typical window about 12 — subtracting them keeps the estimate honest without materially changing the buy decision on small rooms.