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Freelance Rates: Income ÷ Billable Hours (Not ÷ 2,080)

Career · 6 min read · Last updated September 2026

Quick answer: The beginner mistake is dividing a salary by 2,080 hours. Freelancers only bill a fraction of their time: at 60% utilization that is about 1,152 billable hours a year. A 1,500,000 income target ÷ 1,152 = roughly 1,302/hour — double the naive salaried-equivalent of 577.

The formula

Rate = (Target income + business costs) ÷ (working hours × utilization)

Worked example: you want 1,500,000 a year after a 1,200,000 salary-equivalent plus 300,000 for insurance, software, taxes and dead time. Working 1,920 hours a year (48 weeks × 40) at 60% billable = 1,152 hours. Rate = 1,500,000 ÷ 1,152 ≈ 1,302.

Why 60% utilization

Sales calls, proposals, invoicing, learning and admin are real work that generates no invoice. Early-career freelancers often overestimate billable share (70–80%) and underprice as a result; 55–65% is the honest planning band once a client pipeline exists. Newer freelancers with empty pipelines should bill higher rates, not lower — every hour is scarce.

The salaried comparison, done right

BasisMathEquivalent
Naive (salary ÷ 2,080)1,200,000 ÷ 2,080577/hr
Reality (target ÷ billable)1,500,000 ÷ 1,1521,302/hr

Freelance rates at "salary equivalence" quietly donate your benefits, taxes and unbilled hours to clients. The Freelance Hourly Rate Calculator runs the full computation with your own inputs; the Contractor vs Employee tool compares total packages side by side.

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Frequently asked questions

How do I calculate my freelance hourly rate?

Add your target income to business costs, then divide by billable hours: working hours × utilization. Example: 1,500,000 ÷ 1,152 (60% of 1,920 hours) ≈ 1,302 per hour.

What percentage of a freelancer’s hours are billable?

Plan on 55–65% once you have steady clients; proposals, admin and sales consume the rest. Newer freelancers effectively have fewer billable hours, which argues for higher rates, not lower.

Why is my freelance rate so much higher than my old salary rate?

A salary hides taxes, benefits, paid leave and all the hours that never get billed. Dividing salary by 2,080 ignores all of it — your rate must cover those costs plus profit.

Should I charge hourly or per project?

Hourly is the honest starting point; per-project pricing shifts efficiency gains to you but requires experience estimating scope. Compute your hourly minimum first either way — never quote below it.